New export and import rules

In 2025, Russia’s foreign trade continues to adapt to sanctions pressure and internal restrictions, leading to significant changes in the structure of imports and exports.

Parallel import

One of the key mechanisms that remains important for supplying the domestic market is parallel imports. Introduced in 2022 as a necessary measure following the departure of Western brands, this mechanism allows the import of goods without the permission of rights holders. In 2025, the list of goods eligible for parallel imports was updated: it now includes spare parts for KIA and Hyundai vehicles, which should help ensure access to necessary components for these brands. However, some brands that have resumed supplies to Russia have been removed from the list. According to the Federal Customs Service of Russia, the volume of parallel imports has decreased from $4 billion to $3 billion per month, reflecting the gradual replacement of imported goods with domestic alternatives.

Increase of customs duties

Customs duties have also undergone changes. Starting in 2025, customs duty rates were increased for the first time in five years. This decision was made in light of accumulated inflation and aims to ensure the efficient operation of customs authorities under new economic conditions. At the same time, tariff exemptions were introduced to support the food industry. From January 2025, the duty-free import of potatoes, carrots, and apples was permitted until July 31, 2025. This measure is designed to support food producers, including potato processors, juice manufacturers, and baby food producers. The volumes of imported products are limited: 150,000 tons of potatoes, 55,000 tons of carrots, and 230,000 tons of apples.

Support of export

State support for exporters remains an important element of foreign trade policy. The Russian Export Center (REC) actively assists small and medium-sized enterprises in entering international markets. In 2024, more than 20,000 SMEs received support through the “My Export” platform. The “Made in Russia” program promotes domestic products at international exhibitions and marketplaces. The “Made in Russia” certificate, which confirms the quality, uniqueness, and environmental friendliness of products, has already been issued for more than 15,000 product lines. The President of Russia has instructed to scale up this program, opening new opportunities for Russian exporters.

Change of trade geography

The geography of Russia’s foreign trade has also undergone significant changes. China remains the main trading partner, with its share in Russian imports increasing to 39%. Trade turnover between the two countries in 2024 amounted to $244.8 billion, an increase of 1.9%. Chinese goods, including cars, household appliances, equipment, and clothing, are actively replacing Western brands. However, cooperation with China faces challenges due to secondary sanctions from the United States, which force Chinese banks to limit financial transactions with Russia. This leads to payment delays and the need to use alternative financial schemes, such as payments through third countries.

Logistics industry

Logistics is also undergoing transformation. After the departure of international carriers such as Maersk and CMA-CGM, their place has been taken by smaller Chinese and Russian companies. This has led to a decline in service quality, including unstable schedules and delivery delays. The Trans-Siberian Railway, which plays a key role in transportation between Russia and China, is often overloaded, causing bottlenecks at border crossings. Nevertheless, there is no shortage of goods on the market, and the logistics industry continues to adapt to the new conditions.

Thus, Russia’s foreign trade in 2025 continues to adapt to new realities. Despite the challenges posed by sanctions and logistical complexities, businesses are finding new opportunities for growth by focusing on friendly countries and domestic production. State support, the development of new trade ties, and the replacement of imported goods with domestic alternatives are becoming key factors for success in the new economic environment.